~~TOC:1-3 ~~ ====== Sensation & Perception ====== **(PSYC 4074)** ("L2" stands for "Lecture 2" etc.) \\ ====== L2 Optics and the Eye ====== \\ ===== Videos ===== Links to videos shown in the lecture: \\ ==== The Nature of Light ==== http://archive.org/details/1005_Nature_of_Light_The_09_58_53_15 Start at about 5' 00" for image formation in cameras. \\ ==== How the Eye Functions ==== http://archive.org/details/HowtheEy1941 START VIDEO at about 4' 30" to get good convergence of rays on fovea part. END about 7' 00", where convergence section begins (although that's great, too). PUPIL opening and closing animation: about 10' 00". \\ ==== How You See It ==== http://archive.org/details/HowYouSe1936 1' 15" Illustration (of a Chevy car) showing that image on retina is upside down, but brain perceives it upright. \\ ==== Dissection of the Eyeball ==== http://archive.org/details/0055-0000-7117-0000-0-0000-0000-0 LENS: about 5' 20" start. About 5' 35", lens cut out with scissors! \\ ==== Behind the Lens ==== http://archive.org/details/Behindth1940 Title shown at beginning of film (about 0' 15"): "A CAMERA GOES TO COLLEGE" It's wearing a mortarboard. \\ ---- ===== Websites ===== Website links for more information on topics from the lecture. \\ ==== Rayleigh scattering ==== https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering Explains why the sky is blue. \\ ==== Visual limitations based on the eye's location in the head ==== http://visionlab.harvard.edu/members/patrick/ScleraTalk/index.htm Lights from beyond the visual field are not seen. \\ ---- \\ ====== L3 Retina ====== \\ ===== Websites ===== \\ ==== Retinal physiology ==== __Tutis Vilis' //Physiology of the Senses//__ Section on the eye, including the retina: http://www.tutis.ca/Senses/L1Eye/L1eye.swf Link to main page where you can download PDF and other versions of this material: http://www.tutis.ca/Senses/ \\ __Webvision website__ Section on photoreceptors, with many great micrographs: http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-ii-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-retina/photoreceptors/ \\ ==== Light and dark adaptation ==== [[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptation_(eye)|https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptation_(eye)]] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daylight http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-level-rooms-d_708.html https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lux https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purkinje_effect \\ ---- ===== Research articles ===== \\ Brainard, D. H., Roorda, A., Yamauchi, Y., Calderone, J. B., Metha, A., Neitz, M., … Jacobs, G. H. (2000). Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 17(3), 607. http://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.17.000607 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10708042 \\ Hurley, J. B. (2002). Shedding Light on Adaptation. The Journal of General Physiology, 119(2), 125–128. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2233798/ \\ ---- \\ ====== L4 Retinal Information Processing ====== \\ ===== Websites ===== \\ ==== Retinal physiology ==== __Tutis Vilis' //Physiology of the Senses//__ Section on the eye, including the retina: http://www.tutis.ca/Senses/L1Eye/L1eye.swf (Today we will begin at the section corresponding to the "Fovea" link at bottom.) \\ __Webvision website__ Section on horizontal cells and lateral inhibition: http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-ii-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-retina/oute-plexiform/ [[http://webvision.med.utah.edu/imageswv/catHCs.jpeg|Fig. 9]] of this section illustrates horizontal cell dendrites and axons. [[http://webvision.med.utah.edu/imageswv/newtriad.jpeg|Fig. 17]] illustrates the tight coupling among a cone and the dendrites of the bipolar and horizontal cells with which it forms synapses. \\ Another section with nice diagrams illustrating the spatial arrangement of photoreceptors that belong to the same retinal ganglion cell center-surround receptive field: http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-iii-retinal-circuits/midget-pathways-of-the-primate-retina-underly-resolution/ Especially [[http://webvision.med.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Chichilniskypic.jpg|Fig. 17]] of this section. \\ __Sensation and Perception__ textbook online resources: http://sites.sinauer.com/wolfe4e/wa02.05.html Interactive demo of the difference between sensitivity and acuity produced by rod and cone receptive fields. \\ ==== Contrast and brightness illusions ==== __From Michael Bach's wonderful website__ ([[http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/|Optical Illusions & Visual Phenomena]]): http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum-MachBands/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum-inducedGrating/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum-inducedContrastAsym/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum-adelsonCheckShadow/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/lum-contrastAdapt/index.html \\ \\ __From Dale Purves' lab website:__ http://purveslab.net/see-for-yourself/ \\ __From a recently published journal article:__ http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00999/full Wonderful animated demos that illustrate the independence of the magno- and parvocellular pathways for motion and color vision. Scroll down towards the bottom to find links to the videos. \\ ---- \\ ====== L5 Representation of the Retina in the brain ====== \\ ===== Videos ===== \\ ==== Discovery of V1 receptive fields ==== http://wn.com/hubel_and_wiesel_cat_experiment \\ ==== Competition for ocular dominance of V1 neurons during development ==== http://www.ophthobook.com/videos/pediatric-ophthalmology-video Section on amblyopia from unbalanced ocular dominance begins at about 13' 20". http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-feetLin/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-mib/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-snakes/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-adaptSpiral/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-bounce/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-Ternus/index.html https://people.stanford.edu/pjkohler/mips http://whitneylab.berkeley.edu/old_research_and_demos/motiondistortion/motiondistortion.html http://www.fss.uu.nl/psn/vandersmagt/demos-OF.html http://graphics.cs.brown.edu/research/exploratory/freeSoftware/repository/edu/brown/cs/exploratories/applets/fft1DApp/1d_fast_fourier_transform_guide.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S0042698999000966&_image=1-s2.0-S0042698999000966-gr1.jpg&_cid=271122&_explode=defaultEXP_LIST&_idxType=defaultREF_WORK_INDEX_TYPE&_alpha=defaultALPHA&_ba=&_rdoc=1&_fmt=FULL&_issn=00426989&_pii=S0042698999000966&md5=9e4115d0f302a1a8fbb72173424731d5 http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v6/n6/fig_tab/nn1057_F1.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9ASH8IBJ2U http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/fcs-SpatFreqComposites/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ang-fraser/index.html http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ang-tiltedTable/index.html http://156.56.17.197/people/faculty/candy/what_can_a_baby_see.html http://anstislab.ucsd.edu/2012/11/20/peripheral-acuity/ http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/ECVP2015.html